{"id":1701,"date":"2014-09-12T14:50:39","date_gmt":"2014-09-12T13:50:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.studinano.com\/?p=1701"},"modified":"2024-08-18T18:11:19","modified_gmt":"2024-08-18T17:11:19","slug":"la-machine-danticythere","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/la-machine-danticythere\/","title":{"rendered":"La machine d&rsquo;Anticyth\u00e8re"},"content":{"rendered":"<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Temps de lecture&nbsp;: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 10<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minutes<\/span><\/span>\n<p>Avez-vous d&eacute;j&agrave; entendu parler de <span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>la machine d&rsquo;Anticyth&egrave;re<\/strong><\/span> ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p>C&rsquo;est une machine tout &agrave; fait fabuleuse qui a bien failli &ecirc;tre perdue &agrave; jamais. Elle a &eacute;t&eacute; retrouv&eacute;e, tout-&agrave;-fait par hasard, pr&egrave;s de l&rsquo;&icirc;le grecque d&rsquo;Anticyth&egrave;re, au d&eacute;but du XXe si&egrave;cle.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignleft\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"156\" height=\"300\" data-attachment-id=\"1752\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/la-machine-danticythere\/ephebe-anticythere-athene-grece-paris-ou-perseus-sculpture-bronze-antique\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/ephebe-anticythere-athene-grece-paris-ou-perseus-sculpture-bronze-antique.jpg?fit=640%2C1229&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"640,1229\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta='{\"aperture\":\"0\",\"credit\":\"\",\"camera\":\"\",\"caption\":\"\",\"created_timestamp\":\"0\",\"copyright\":\"\",\"focal_length\":\"0\",\"iso\":\"0\",\"shutter_speed\":\"0\",\"title\":\"\",\"orientation\":\"0\"}' data-image-title=\"ephebe-anticythere-athene-grece-paris-ou-perseus-sculpture-bronze-antique\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;L&amp;rsquo;&Eacute;ph&egrave;be d&amp;rsquo;Anticyth&egrave;re,&lt;br \/&gt;\nbronze, v. 340-330 av. J.-C.,&lt;br \/&gt;\nMus&eacute;e national arch&eacute;ologique d&amp;rsquo;Ath&egrave;nes, Gr&egrave;ce&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;L&amp;rsquo;&Eacute;ph&egrave;be d&amp;rsquo;Anticyth&egrave;re,&lt;br \/&gt;\nbronze, v. 340-330 av. J.-C.,&lt;br \/&gt;\nMus&eacute;e national arch&eacute;ologique d&amp;rsquo;Ath&egrave;nes, Gr&egrave;ce&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/ephebe-anticythere-athene-grece-paris-ou-perseus-sculpture-bronze-antique.jpg?fit=533%2C1024&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.studinano.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/ephebe-anticythere-athene-grece-paris-ou-perseus-sculpture-bronze-antique-156x300.jpg?resize=156%2C300\" alt=\"L'&Eacute;ph&egrave;be d'Anticyth&egrave;re\" class=\"wp-image-1752\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/ephebe-anticythere-athene-grece-paris-ou-perseus-sculpture-bronze-antique.jpg?resize=156%2C300&amp;ssl=1 156w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/ephebe-anticythere-athene-grece-paris-ou-perseus-sculpture-bronze-antique.jpg?resize=533%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 533w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/ephebe-anticythere-athene-grece-paris-ou-perseus-sculpture-bronze-antique.jpg?resize=250%2C480&amp;ssl=1 250w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/ephebe-anticythere-athene-grece-paris-ou-perseus-sculpture-bronze-antique.jpg?w=640&amp;ssl=1 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 156px) 100vw, 156px\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">L&rsquo;&Eacute;ph&egrave;be d&rsquo;Anticyth&egrave;re, \nbronze, v. 340-330 av. J.-C., \nMus&eacute;e national arch&eacute;ologique d&rsquo;Ath&egrave;nes, Gr&egrave;ce<\/figcaption><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p>La machine avait sombr&eacute; dans la mer apr&egrave;s qu&rsquo;une temp&ecirc;te a fait chavirer le bateau qui la transportait, en 87 av. J.C. environ.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p><br>En 1901, des p&ecirc;cheurs d&rsquo;&eacute;ponges (on parle bien de <a href=\"http:\/\/www.studinano.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/eponge-pecheur-peche-sous-marin-scaphandre.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">&ccedil;a<\/a>, et non pas de <a href=\"http:\/\/www.studinano.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/eponge-a-recurer.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">&ccedil;a<\/a>) changent par hasard de cap alors qu&rsquo;une autre temp&ecirc;te est pr&eacute;vue l&agrave; o&ugrave; ils devaient initialement se rendre. Ils se retrouvent pr&egrave;s de l&rsquo;&icirc;le d&rsquo;Anticyth&egrave;re et, en plongeant, ils d&eacute;couvrent l&rsquo;&eacute;pave d&rsquo;un navire romain. Il contient non seulement de nombreuses oeuvres d&rsquo;art (en particulier des sculptures) mais aussi un curieux objet que les scientifiques mettront plus d&rsquo;un si&egrave;cle &agrave; d&eacute;crypter&hellip;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p>Personne ne sait, alors, que vient d&rsquo;&ecirc;tre trouv&eacute; l&rsquo;anc&ecirc;tre de nos technologies modernes. Pourtant, on dit aujourd&rsquo;hui que la machine d&rsquo;Anticyth&egrave;re pourrait bien &ecirc;tre l&rsquo;anc&ecirc;tre de nos ordinateurs (rien de moins !)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter alignnone\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"919\" data-attachment-id=\"1712\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/la-machine-danticythere\/machine-d-anticythere-grece-antique-athene\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Machine-d-Anticyth%C3%A8re-Grece-antique-Athene.jpg?fit=1445%2C1298&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1445,1298\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta='{\"aperture\":\"0\",\"credit\":\"\",\"camera\":\"\",\"caption\":\"\",\"created_timestamp\":\"0\",\"copyright\":\"\",\"focal_length\":\"0\",\"iso\":\"0\",\"shutter_speed\":\"0\",\"title\":\"\",\"orientation\":\"1\"}' data-image-title=\"Machine-d-Anticyth&egrave;re-Grece-antique-Athene\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Photographie du fragment principal de la machine d&amp;rsquo;Anticyth&egrave;re,&lt;br \/&gt;\nDaterait de la fin du IIIe &amp;#8211; moiti&eacute; du IIe si&egrave;cle av. J.C.&lt;br \/&gt;\n20 x 20 cm environ&lt;br \/&gt;\nMus&eacute;e Arch&eacute;ologique National, Ath&egrave;nes, Gr&egrave;ce.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Machine-d-Anticyth%C3%A8re-Grece-antique-Athene.jpg?fit=1024%2C919&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.studinano.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Machine-d-Anticyth%C3%A8re-Grece-antique-Athene-1024x919.jpg?resize=1024%2C919\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1712\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Machine-d-Anticyth%C3%A8re-Grece-antique-Athene.jpg?resize=1024%2C919&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Machine-d-Anticyth%C3%A8re-Grece-antique-Athene.jpg?resize=300%2C269&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Machine-d-Anticyth%C3%A8re-Grece-antique-Athene.jpg?resize=250%2C224&amp;ssl=1 250w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Machine-d-Anticyth%C3%A8re-Grece-antique-Athene.jpg?resize=900%2C808&amp;ssl=1 900w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Machine-d-Anticyth%C3%A8re-Grece-antique-Athene.jpg?w=1445&amp;ssl=1 1445w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Photographie du fragment principal de la machine d&rsquo;Anticyth&egrave;re,\nDaterait de la fin du IIIe &ndash; moiti&eacute; du IIe si&egrave;cle av. J.C.\n20 x 20 cm environ\nMus&eacute;e Arch&eacute;ologique National, Ath&egrave;nes, Gr&egrave;ce.<\/figcaption><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p>La machine d&rsquo;Anticyth&egrave;re ne date pas de l&rsquo;&eacute;poque du naufrage du bateau sur lequel elle se trouvait quand il a sombr&eacute;. Elle est bien plus ancienne. Elle date de <strong><span style=\"color: #000080;\">l&rsquo;&eacute;poque Hell&eacute;nistique <\/span><\/strong>(qu&rsquo;on situe, grosso-modo, entre le moment de la mort d&rsquo;Alexandre le Grand et le suicide de Cl&eacute;op&acirc;tre, ce qui est tout &agrave; fait joyeux, et ce qui nous am&egrave;ne de 323 av. J.-C. &agrave; 30 av. J.C. environ). Un &laquo;&nbsp;d&eacute;tail&nbsp;&raquo;, me direz-vous, mais qui explique peut-&ecirc;tre pourquoi cette machine a bien failli &ecirc;tre perdue &agrave; jamais.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n\n\n<div style=\"height:17px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p>En effet, la p&eacute;riode Hell&eacute;nistique <span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>pr&eacute;c&egrave;de la conqu&ecirc;te romaine<\/strong><\/span> de la Gr&egrave;ce. Elle marque donc, d&rsquo;une certaine fa&ccedil;on, <span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>la fin de la civilisation grecque<\/strong><\/span>. Pourtant, elle est aussi la p&eacute;riode durant laquelle l&rsquo;hell&eacute;nisme (d&rsquo;o&ugrave; son nom) se d&eacute;veloppe le plus :&nbsp; la langue grecque est tr&egrave;s parl&eacute;e, les &eacute;changes commerciaux sont nombreux, la culture, les us et coutumes grecs s&rsquo;exportent tr&egrave;s bien (et ils continueront de s&rsquo;exporter, d&rsquo;ailleurs, m&ecirc;me apr&egrave;s la conqu&ecirc;te romaine puisque nous parlerons alors de p&eacute;riode gr&eacute;co-romaine). De cette fa&ccedil;on, m&ecirc;me si la p&eacute;riode hell&eacute;nistique est la derni&egrave;re &eacute;poque o&ugrave; la Gr&egrave;ce Antique est &laquo;&nbsp;ind&eacute;pendante&nbsp;&raquo;, elle n&rsquo;en reste pas moins dynamique et cr&eacute;atrice, du fait du bouillonnement qu&rsquo;elle g&eacute;n&egrave;re en son sein et autour d&rsquo;elle.<br>Pas &eacute;tonnant, donc, que la machine d&rsquo;Anticyth&egrave;re ait &eacute;t&eacute; cr&eacute;&eacute;e &agrave; cette &eacute;poque.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div style=\"height:17px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><br>Toutefois, la conqu&ecirc;te romaine va malgr&eacute; tout changer la donne, bouleversant l&rsquo;ordre des choses.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:17px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"border: 0;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/maps\/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d12277560.826983698!2d16.440725314737605!3d41.299043268500704!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x149db3dcb52795b1%3A0x9253c9e145dfcf2f!2sAntikythera%2C+Gr%C3%A8ce!5e0!3m2!1sfr!2sfr!4v1410527598154\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:17px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p>Ainsi, quand coule la machine d&rsquo;Anticyth&egrave;re, elle se trouve sur un navire romain, probablement en route vers l&rsquo;Italie. Qui sait ce qui se serait produit si le bateau n&rsquo;avait pas coul&eacute; ? Ou si la machine &eacute;tait rest&eacute;e en Gr&egrave;ce ? Peut-&ecirc;tre aurait-elle &eacute;t&eacute; red&eacute;couverte plus t&ocirc;t. Peut-&ecirc;tre que sans la conqu&ecirc;te romaine, elle n&rsquo;aurait pas m&ecirc;me eu &agrave; &ecirc;tre red&eacute;couverte puisque les recherches ayant men&eacute; &agrave; sa r&eacute;alisation aurait pu continuer. Peut-&ecirc;tre que ces conqu&ecirc;tes ont chamboul&eacute;, d&rsquo;une fa&ccedil;on ou d&rsquo;une autre, la vie du cr&eacute;ateur de la machine. Peut-&ecirc;tre !<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:17px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p>Une telle machine aurait pu changer l&rsquo;Histoire. Peut-&ecirc;tre ! Ou peut-&ecirc;tre pas.<br><span style=\"font-size: 8pt; color: #808080;\">(Vous la sentez, la grosse r&eacute;f&eacute;rence &agrave; peine dissimul&eacute;e &agrave; mes recherches sur le steampunk ? Non parce qu&rsquo;une machine &agrave; rouages qui aurait pu changer le cour de l&rsquo;Histoire et faire advenir le futur plus t&ocirc;t&hellip; C&rsquo;est quand m&ecirc;me carr&eacute;ment steampunk. Enfin, moi je dis &ccedil;a&hellip;)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:17px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p>Pour l&rsquo;enseignant-chercheur et essayiste Philippe Engelhard, la somme des savoirs que repr&eacute;sentait la machine d&rsquo;Anticyth&egrave;re n&rsquo;a pas disparu sans raison. Une telle machine, ainsi que ses semblables (car il en existait d&rsquo;autres, nous allons y venir peu apr&egrave;s), aurait pu donner lieu &agrave; une premi&egrave;re R&eacute;volution Industrielle, bien avant celle du XIXe si&egrave;cle. Ce ne fut pas le cas car les conditions n&rsquo;&eacute;taient, semble-t-il, pas r&eacute;unies. Pour Engelhard, cela prouve que l&rsquo;existence seule des technologies, m&ecirc;me les plus sophistiqu&eacute;es, ne suffit pas &agrave; changer le monde. L&rsquo;homme seul a ce pouvoir :<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:17px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-verse\"><span style=\"color: #333399; font-family: book antiqua,palatino;\">&quot;Les &quot;r&eacute;volutions&quot; technologiques n'auraient pas ou peu trouv&eacute; &agrave; s'exprimer sans &quot;r&eacute;volutions&quot; &eacute;conomiques, culturelles, sociales ou politiques PREALABLES. Preuve parmi d'autres : la fameuse machine d'Anticyth&egrave;re (1er si&egrave;cle avant J.C.) ainsi que ses devanci&egrave;res mentionn&eacute;es par Cic&eacute;ron. Les technologies utilis&eacute;es dans cette machine &eacute;taient au moins aussi sophistiqu&eacute;es que celles mises en oeuvre par les horlogers du XVIIIe si&egrave;cle europ&eacute;en - lesquels ont tr&egrave;s probablement inspir&eacute; la confection des premi&egrave;res machines industrielles (th&egrave;se soutenue avec de tr&egrave;s bons arguments par l'historien britannique David S. Landes, 1987). Cependant, sans une bourgeoisie industrieuse et &eacute;conomiquement puissante, capable d'anticiper comptablement les profits qu'elle allait pouvoir tirer des nouvelles machines, ces derni&egrave;res ne seraient jamais devenues des outils de production courants (Max Weber, 1964). C'est bien pourquoi la machine d'Anticyth&egrave;re et ses pareilles n'ont pas engendr&eacute; de &quot;r&eacute;volution industrielle&quot; : il eut fallu une bourgeoisie pr&eacute;industrielle pour en extraire des innovations et du profit - cette bourgeoisie n'existait pas. La &quot;bourgeoisie&quot; d'alors trouvait, &agrave; tort ou &agrave; raison, plus d'avantages dans le commerce et la finance (d&eacute;j&agrave; !). Encore une preuve &eacute;vidente, s'il en fallait une autre, que ce ne sont pas les machines qui ont fait la r&eacute;volution industrielle !&quot;<\/span><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:17px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt;\">Philippe Engelhard, L&rsquo;Internet change-t-il vraiment nos soci&eacute;t&eacute;s ? <\/span><br><span style=\"font-size: 8pt;\">Techniques, cultures et soci&eacute;t&eacute;s (Tome 2), Paris, L&rsquo;Harmattan, 2012, p. 35-36 (<a href=\"http:\/\/books.google.fr\/books?id=Pz_Ww1qcdjwC&amp;pg=PA35&amp;dq=Machine+d%27Anticyth%C3%A8re&amp;hl=fr&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=wfISVKTCDceWasu7grAB&amp;ved=0CDMQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Google Books<\/a>)<br><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:17px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p>Le probl&egrave;me, c&rsquo;est qu&rsquo;on ne sait m&ecirc;me pas, avec exactitude, qui a cr&eacute;&eacute; cette machine. Des recherches ont montr&eacute; que cette machine aurait pu &ecirc;tre con&ccedil;ue par le c&eacute;l&egrave;bre savant <strong><span style=\"color: #000080;\">Archim&egrave;de<\/span> <\/strong>(qui ne travailla pas que sur sa pouss&eacute;e #blague). Toutefois, cette th&egrave;se est d&eacute;battue. D&rsquo;autres noms sont avanc&eacute;s. Par exemple, cette machine aurait &eacute;galement pu &ecirc;tre invent&eacute;e &agrave; <strong><span style=\"color: #000080;\">Alexandrie<\/span><\/strong>, l&rsquo;une des villes les plus florissantes de l&rsquo;&eacute;poque Hell&eacute;nistique, m&ecirc;lant ainsi les connaissances acquises par les deux plus grandes civilisations d&rsquo;alors : la Gr&egrave;ce et l&rsquo;Egypte (ce qui, en pleine p&eacute;riode hell&eacute;nistique ne serait pas &eacute;tonnant, si vous avez bien suivi depuis le d&eacute;but ;)).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:17px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p>En tout cas, cette cr&eacute;ation t&eacute;moigne de la quantit&eacute; de connaissances dont les hommes de l&rsquo;&eacute;poque disposaient d&eacute;j&agrave;.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:17px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>Le m&eacute;canisme d&rsquo;Anticyth&egrave;re est unique en son genre.<\/strong><\/span> Toutefois, il a tout de l&rsquo;aboutissement d&rsquo;un travail de tr&egrave;s longue haleine. On suppose donc que d&rsquo;autres machines de ce type, plus ou moins semblables et &eacute;volu&eacute;es, ont vu le jour avant lui. Jusqu&rsquo;&agrave; ce jour, nous n&rsquo;en avons malheureusement trouv&eacute; aucune trace. Si ce n&rsquo;est dans quelques t&eacute;moignages antiques, d&eacute;crivant des objets similaires. Comme chez <span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>Cic&eacute;ron<\/strong> <\/span>qui, dans <strong><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><em>De la R&eacute;publique<\/em><\/span><\/strong>, fait mention d&rsquo;un &laquo;&nbsp;globe c&eacute;leste&nbsp;&raquo; cr&eacute;&eacute; par <span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>Archim&egrave;de<\/strong> <\/span>et ayant &eacute;t&eacute; d&eacute;rob&eacute; &agrave; <strong><span style=\"color: #000080;\">Syracuse<\/span><\/strong> par l&rsquo;arm&eacute;e romaine quand la cit&eacute; &eacute;tait encore grecque :<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:17px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<pre class=\"wp-block-verse\"><span style=\"color: #333399;\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua,palatino;\">&quot;J'avais entendu souvent citer cette sph&egrave;re, &agrave; cause de la grande renomm&eacute;e d'Archim&egrave;de. L'aspect ne m'en parut pas fort remarquable. Il en existait une autre, d'une forme plus &eacute;l&eacute;gante et plus connue du vulgaire <span style=\"font-family: helvetica; color: #000000; font-size: 10pt;\">(comprendre, ici, du &quot;peuple&quot;)<\/span>, ouvrage du m&ecirc;me Archim&egrave;de, et plac&eacute;e par le m&ecirc;me Marcellus &agrave; Rome, dans le temple de la Vertu. Mais, sit&ocirc;t que Gallus eut commenc&eacute; d'expliquer avec une haute science la composition de cette machine, je jugeai qu'il y avait eu dans le g&eacute;om&egrave;tre sicilien <span style=\"font-family: helvetica; font-size: 10pt; color: #000000;\">(Archim&egrave;de &eacute;tait sicilien et vivait &agrave; Syracuse quand la ville fut attaqu&eacute;e et pill&eacute;e par les romains)<\/span> un g&eacute;nie sup&eacute;rieur &agrave; ce qui semblait la port&eacute;e de l'humaine nature. Gallus nous disait, que cette autre sph&egrave;re solide et compacte &eacute;tait d'invention fort ancienne. (...) Il ajoutait que cette transfiguration de la sph&egrave;re, qui repr&eacute;sente les mouvements de la lune, du soleil, et des cinq &eacute;toiles nomm&eacute;es errantes ou irr&eacute;guli&egrave;res <span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica;\">(les &quot;cinq &eacute;toiles&quot; dont il est ici question sont les cinq plan&egrave;tes connues par les grecs &agrave; l'&eacute;poque de la conception du globe car elles sont visibles &agrave; l'oeil nu : Mercure, V&eacute;nus, Mars, Jupiter et Saturne. Il faut d'ailleurs savoir que le mot &quot;plan&egrave;te&quot; nous vient du grec &pi;&lambda;&alpha;&nu;&#942;&tau;&eta;&sigmaf;, <i>plan&#275;t&#275;s<\/i>, voulant dire <i>errant<\/i>)<\/span>, n'avait pu s'appliquer &agrave; ce premier globe d'une forme solide ; et que l'art merveilleux d'Archim&egrave;de &eacute;tait d'avoir tellement combin&eacute; sa nouvelle sph&egrave;re, que dans le jeu de mouvements disparates, une seule impulsion d&eacute;terminait des r&eacute;sultats in&eacute;gaux et vari&eacute;s. Et en effet, Gallus touchait-il cette sph&egrave;re, on voyait, sur sa surface, la lune remplacer le soleil par un tour de cercle, autant de fois qu'elle le remplace dans les cieux par l'intervalle d'un jour, d'o&ugrave; il r&eacute;sultait que la disparition du soleil s'y trouvait marqu&eacute;e comme dans les cieux, et que la lune touchait le point o&ugrave; elle est obscurcie par l'ombre de la terre, &agrave; l'instant o&ugrave; le soleil reparaissait sur l'horizon, etc. <span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica;\">(pour faire simple, on voyait d&eacute;filer une journ&eacute;e en activant la sph&egrave;re et le r&eacute;sultat semblait aussi naturel que... dans la nature.)<\/span>&quot;<\/span> <\/span><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:17px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt;\">Cic&eacute;ron, Angelo Mai (trad.), <em>De la R&eacute;publique<\/em>, Paris, Didier et Cie, Libraires-Editeurs, 1858, p.22 (<a href=\"http:\/\/books.google.fr\/books?id=9DIJAAAAQAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=cic%C3%A9ron,+de+la+r%C3%A9publique&amp;hl=fr&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=6RESVKPgLMLnaJ7agNgG&amp;ved=0CCAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Google Books<\/a>)<br><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:17px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p>C&rsquo;est ce texte, ainsi que certains &eacute;l&eacute;ments caract&eacute;ristiques, trouv&eacute;s &agrave; travers l&rsquo;&eacute;tude des diff&eacute;rents textes pr&eacute;sents sur la machine, qui laissent &agrave; penser qu&rsquo;Archim&egrave;de pourrait &ecirc;tre le cr&eacute;ateur de la machine d&rsquo;Anticyth&egrave;re. Des &eacute;l&eacute;ments sugg&egrave;rent, en effet, une origine sicilienne et Archim&egrave;de vivait &agrave; Syracuse. Mais les chercheurs ne disposent pour l&rsquo;instant d&rsquo;aucune preuve irr&eacute;futable pour &eacute;tayer cette hypoth&egrave;se (et rien ne permet de dire qu&rsquo;ils trouveront un jour la r&eacute;ponse &agrave; leurs questions).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:17px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p>En tout cas, la machine d&rsquo;Anticyth&egrave;re, elle, n&rsquo;est pas un globe comme dans le texte de Cic&eacute;ron. Faite de <strong><span style=\"color: #000080;\">bronze<\/span><\/strong>, c&rsquo;est un ensemble de <span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>rouages<\/strong> <\/span>(une trentaine !) dont on pense qu&rsquo;ils &eacute;taient enferm&eacute;s dans une boite de fa&ccedil;on &agrave; rendre l&rsquo;ensemble du m&eacute;canisme facilement utilisable et <span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>transportable<\/strong><\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:17px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p>Plusieurs chercheurs ont r&eacute;alis&eacute; des mod&egrave;les de ce &agrave; quoi pouvait ressembler la machine avant de se d&eacute;grader dans l&rsquo;eau durant des si&egrave;cles. La reproduction de <strong><span style=\"color: #000080;\">Michael Wright<\/span><\/strong> semble &ecirc;tre la plus proche de l&rsquo;originale, tant pour son m&eacute;canisme que pour son esth&eacute;tique et son souci du d&eacute;tail :<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter alignnone\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" data-attachment-id=\"1730\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/la-machine-danticythere\/olympus-digital-camera-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Michael_Wright-machine-d-anticythere-modele-reproduction.jpg?fit=500%2C281&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"500,281\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta='{\"aperture\":\"0\",\"credit\":\"\",\"camera\":\"\",\"caption\":\"\",\"created_timestamp\":\"0\",\"copyright\":\"\",\"focal_length\":\"0\",\"iso\":\"0\",\"shutter_speed\":\"0\",\"title\":\"OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA\",\"orientation\":\"1\"}' data-image-title=\"Reproduction de la machine d&amp;rsquo;Anticyth&egrave;re par Michael Wright\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Reproduction de la machine d&amp;rsquo;Anticyth&egrave;re par Michael Wright&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Reproduction de la machine d&amp;rsquo;Anticyth&egrave;re par Michael Wright&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Michael_Wright-machine-d-anticythere-modele-reproduction.jpg?fit=500%2C281&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.studinano.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Michael_Wright-machine-d-anticythere-modele-reproduction.jpg?resize=500%2C281\" alt=\"Reproduction de la machine d'Anticyth&egrave;re par Michael Wright\" class=\"wp-image-1730\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Michael_Wright-machine-d-anticythere-modele-reproduction.jpg?w=500&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Michael_Wright-machine-d-anticythere-modele-reproduction.jpg?resize=300%2C168&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Michael_Wright-machine-d-anticythere-modele-reproduction.jpg?resize=250%2C140&amp;ssl=1 250w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Reproduction de la machine d&rsquo;Anticyth&egrave;re par Michael Wright<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter alignnone\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"410\" height=\"383\" data-attachment-id=\"1731\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/la-machine-danticythere\/machine-anticythere-modele-reproduction-solla-price-1974\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Machine-Anticythere-modele-reproduction-Solla-Price-1974.jpg?fit=410%2C383&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"410,383\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta='{\"aperture\":\"0\",\"credit\":\"\",\"camera\":\"\",\"caption\":\"\",\"created_timestamp\":\"0\",\"copyright\":\"\",\"focal_length\":\"0\",\"iso\":\"0\",\"shutter_speed\":\"0\",\"title\":\"\",\"orientation\":\"0\"}' data-image-title=\"Machine-Anticythere-modele-reproduction-Solla-Price-1974\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Reproduction de la machine d&amp;rsquo;Anticyth&egrave;re par Solla Price (1974)&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Reproduction de la machine d&amp;rsquo;Anticyth&egrave;re par Solla Price (1974)&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Machine-Anticythere-modele-reproduction-Solla-Price-1974.jpg?fit=410%2C383&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.studinano.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Machine-Anticythere-modele-reproduction-Solla-Price-1974.jpg?resize=410%2C383\" alt=\"Reproduction de la machine d'Anticyth&egrave;re par Solla Price (1974)\" class=\"wp-image-1731\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Machine-Anticythere-modele-reproduction-Solla-Price-1974.jpg?w=410&amp;ssl=1 410w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Machine-Anticythere-modele-reproduction-Solla-Price-1974.jpg?resize=300%2C280&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Machine-Anticythere-modele-reproduction-Solla-Price-1974.jpg?resize=250%2C233&amp;ssl=1 250w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 410px) 100vw, 410px\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Reproduction de la machine d&rsquo;Anticyth&egrave;re par Solla Price (1974)<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter alignnone\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"853\" data-attachment-id=\"1729\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/la-machine-danticythere\/machine-d-anticythere-antikythera_model_front_panel_mogi_vicentini_2007\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/machine-d-anticythere-Antikythera_model_front_panel_Mogi_Vicentini_2007.jpg?fit=640%2C853&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"640,853\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta='{\"aperture\":\"0\",\"credit\":\"\",\"camera\":\"\",\"caption\":\"\",\"created_timestamp\":\"0\",\"copyright\":\"\",\"focal_length\":\"0\",\"iso\":\"0\",\"shutter_speed\":\"0\",\"title\":\"\",\"orientation\":\"0\"}' data-image-title=\"machine-d-anticythere-Antikythera_model_front_panel_Mogi_Vicentini_2007\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Reproduction de la machine d&amp;rsquo;Anticyth&egrave;re par Mogi Vicentini (2007)&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Reproduction de la machine d&amp;rsquo;Anticyth&egrave;re par Mogi Vicentini (2007)&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/machine-d-anticythere-Antikythera_model_front_panel_Mogi_Vicentini_2007.jpg?fit=640%2C853&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.studinano.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/machine-d-anticythere-Antikythera_model_front_panel_Mogi_Vicentini_2007.jpg?resize=640%2C853\" alt=\"Reproduction de la machine d'Anticyth&egrave;re par Mogi Vicentini (2007)\" class=\"wp-image-1729\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/machine-d-anticythere-Antikythera_model_front_panel_Mogi_Vicentini_2007.jpg?w=640&amp;ssl=1 640w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/machine-d-anticythere-Antikythera_model_front_panel_Mogi_Vicentini_2007.jpg?resize=225%2C300&amp;ssl=1 225w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/machine-d-anticythere-Antikythera_model_front_panel_Mogi_Vicentini_2007.jpg?resize=250%2C333&amp;ssl=1 250w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Reproduction de la machine d&rsquo;Anticyth&egrave;re par Mogi Vicentini (2007)<\/figcaption><\/figure><div style=\"height:17px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<pre class=\"wp-block-verse bodytext\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua,palatino; color: #333399;\">&quot;Exceptionnel par sa complexit&eacute;, le m&eacute;canisme d&rsquo;Anticyth&egrave;re suscita l&rsquo;int&eacute;r&ecirc;t de Derek J. de Solla Price, physicien anglais et historien des sciences &agrave; l&rsquo;Universit&eacute; Yale (&Eacute;tats-Unis). En 1951, il r&eacute;alisa la premi&egrave;re &eacute;tude d&eacute;taill&eacute;e, gr&acirc;ce &agrave; des radiographies&nbsp;aux rayons X, et constata qu&rsquo;il s&rsquo;agissait d&rsquo;un instrument tr&egrave;s sophistiqu&eacute; compos&eacute; d&rsquo;une trentaine de roues dent&eacute;es, d&rsquo;axes, de tambours, d&rsquo;aiguilles mobiles et de trois cadrans grav&eacute;s d&rsquo;inscriptions (un &laquo;&nbsp;mode d&rsquo;emploi&nbsp;&raquo;&nbsp;!) et de signes astronomiques. Il d&eacute;montra ainsi que l&rsquo;instrument permettait de calculer les diff&eacute;rents cycles de la lune, du soleil et des plan&egrave;tes et le nomma &laquo;&nbsp;calendrier informatis&eacute;&nbsp;&raquo;. <\/span><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:17px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<pre class=\"wp-block-verse bodytext\"><span style=\"font-family: book antiqua,palatino; color: #333399;\">Intrigu&eacute; par la th&eacute;orie sur la machine d&rsquo;Anticyth&egrave;re, l&rsquo;historien australien et sp&eacute;cialiste du d&eacute;veloppement des ordinateurs, Allan Geirge Bromley, s&rsquo;attaqua &agrave; l&rsquo;objet myst&eacute;rieux dans les ann&eacute;es 1980. Il r&eacute;alisa des radiographies plus pr&eacute;cises et corrigea certaines erreurs de son pr&eacute;d&eacute;cesseur. Une d&eacute;cennie plus tard, les recherches men&eacute;es par l&rsquo;ing&eacute;nieur britannique Michael Wright confirm&egrave;rent l&rsquo;exactitude de la th&eacute;orie Derek J. de Solla Price, qui ne s&rsquo;&eacute;tait tromp&eacute; que sur des d&eacute;tails. La machine d&rsquo;Anticyth&egrave;re &eacute;tait bel et bien un instrument de calcul automatis&eacute;, qui m&eacute;ritait d&rsquo;&ecirc;tre consid&eacute;r&eacute;e comme &laquo;&nbsp;un ordinateur&nbsp;antique&raquo;.&quot;<\/span><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:17px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right bodytext\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.unesco.org\/new\/fr\/unesco-courier\/single-view\/news\/the_antikythera_mechanism_ancestor_of_the_computer\/#.VBLtDhb_zSR\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt;\">Lucia Maitreau et Ulrike Guerin, &laquo;&nbsp;Le m&eacute;canisme d&rsquo;Anticyth&egrave;re, anc&ecirc;tre de l&rsquo;ordinateur&nbsp;&raquo; <\/span><\/a><br><a href=\"http:\/\/www.unesco.org\/new\/fr\/unesco-courier\/single-view\/news\/the_antikythera_mechanism_ancestor_of_the_computer\/#.VBLtDhb_zSR\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt;\">in <em>Le Courrier de l&rsquo;UNESCO<\/em>, 10 avril 2012<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:17px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p>Mais &agrave; quoi servait exactement cette machine ? Et, surtout, <em>qui<\/em> pouvait bien l&rsquo;utiliser ? Dans quel but ?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:17px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p>La machine d&rsquo;Anticyth&egrave;re &eacute;tait un calendrier complexe, sorte d&rsquo;horloge astronomique portative, pourrait-on dire (ce qui n&rsquo;est pas tout &agrave; fait exact car, contrairement &agrave; une v&eacute;ritable horloge astronomique, la machine &eacute;tait activ&eacute;e par une manivelle ou une clef), qui :<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:17px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<ul><li><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>Indiquait les cycles lunaires<\/strong><\/span> : ils &eacute;taient tr&egrave;s importants pour les hommes de cette &eacute;poque car ils rythmaient la vie grecque. Ils permettaient aussi bien de savoir quand semer que quand organiser telle f&ecirc;te pour telle divinit&eacute;. Sur la machine, la Lune &eacute;tait une boule bien visible qui tournait sur elle-m&ecirc;me &agrave; un certain rythme pour indiquer ses phases (de blanche pour la pleine lune, elle devenait peu &agrave; peu noire).<\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"color: #000080;\">Pr&eacute;disait les &eacute;clipses lunaires et solaires<\/span><\/strong> : &eacute;galement tr&egrave;s importantes pour les hommes de &agrave; cette &eacute;poque car ces &eacute;v&egrave;nements pouvaient &ecirc;tre des signes de mauvais augures.<\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"color: #000080;\">Indiquait les signes du zodiaques<\/span><\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"color: #000080;\">Annon&ccedil;ait les grands jeux grecs<\/span><\/strong> (ceux d&rsquo;Olympie, entres autres) car il s&rsquo;agissait d&eacute;j&agrave; d&rsquo;&eacute;v&egrave;nements qui se produisaient &agrave; intervalles r&eacute;guliers.&#8232;A l&rsquo;avant de la machine, son inventeur avait m&ecirc;me d&eacute;j&agrave; eu l&rsquo;id&eacute;e de graver&hellip; <span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>un mode d&rsquo;emploi<\/strong><\/span> !<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:17px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p>Pour les chercheurs, plusieurs personnes &eacute;taient donc susceptibles d&rsquo;utiliser un tel objet. A en juger par la place occup&eacute;e par la pr&eacute;vision des &eacute;clipses et les superstitions qui les entouraient, il semble que l&rsquo;objet pouvait, par exemple, servir &agrave; organiser une guerre, une f&ecirc;te ou tout autre &eacute;v&egrave;nement important, voire capital, dans les meilleures conditions possibles. Il s&rsquo;agissait sans doute, pour les pr&ecirc;tres ou les personnages de haut rang (et non pas d&rsquo;Alexandrie ! #blague #encore) qui utilisaient cet objet d&rsquo;<span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>&ecirc;tre en accord avec le ciel<\/strong><\/span>. Or, le ciel, c&rsquo;&eacute;tait le divin &ndash; ses dieux et ses d&eacute;esses aux c&eacute;l&egrave;bres col&egrave;res, vengeances et autres joyeuset&eacute;s. Aussi les grecs avaient-ils sans doute dans l&rsquo;id&eacute;e d&rsquo;&ecirc;tre toujours (ou autant que possible) en bons termes avec cette bande de joyeux drilles.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:17px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p>Outre les questions religieuses qui pr&eacute;occupaient beaucoup les grecs, ceux-ci avaient surtout ressenti <span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>l&rsquo;influence de la Lune<\/strong><\/span> sur leur vie. Il &eacute;tait donc important pour eux de calculer la r&eacute;currence de ses phases, ainsi que les mouvements des astres en g&eacute;n&eacute;ral.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:17px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p>Rappelons &eacute;galement que, pour les grecs de cette &eacute;poque, c&rsquo;&eacute;tait <span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>la Terre qui &eacute;tait au centre de tout<\/strong><\/span>, et non pas le Soleil. Pour cette raison et pour une multitude d&rsquo;autres, cet objet est une merveille car, aussi &eacute;tonnant que cela puisse para&icirc;tre, la machine d&rsquo;Anticyth&egrave;re ex&eacute;cutait parfaitement les t&acirc;ches pour lesquelles elle avait &eacute;t&eacute; con&ccedil;ue. Tout cela gr&acirc;ce &agrave; une observation minutieuse du ciel et sans disposer de tous les outils techniques et technologiques ultra-sophistiqu&eacute;s que nous avons aujourd&rsquo;hui. Objets qui ne cessent de d&eacute;montrer &agrave; quel point les grecs avaient d&eacute;j&agrave; raison sur bien des points. M&ecirc;me si leur postulat de base &eacute;tait faux (et oui, l&rsquo;h&eacute;liocentrisme, les gars, d&eacute;sol&eacute;e :\/).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter alignnone\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"840\" height=\"492\" data-attachment-id=\"1735\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/la-machine-danticythere\/sciences-et-vie-hors-serie-87-machine-anticythere-scan-2011\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/sciences-et-vie-hors-serie-87-machine-anticythere-scan-2011.png?fit=840%2C492&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"840,492\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta='{\"aperture\":\"0\",\"credit\":\"\",\"camera\":\"\",\"caption\":\"\",\"created_timestamp\":\"0\",\"copyright\":\"\",\"focal_length\":\"0\",\"iso\":\"0\",\"shutter_speed\":\"0\",\"title\":\"\",\"orientation\":\"0\"}' data-image-title=\"sciences-et-vie-hors-serie-87-machine-anticythere-scan-2011\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Sc&eacute;hma descriptif de la machine d&amp;rsquo;Anticyth&egrave;re&lt;br \/&gt;\nSciences et Vie n&deg;87 &amp;#8211; Hors s&eacute;rie, avril 2011&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Sc&eacute;hma descriptif de la machine d&amp;rsquo;Anticyth&egrave;re&lt;br \/&gt;\nSciences et Vie n&deg;87 &amp;#8211; Hors s&eacute;rie, avril 2011&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/sciences-et-vie-hors-serie-87-machine-anticythere-scan-2011.png?fit=840%2C492&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.studinano.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/sciences-et-vie-hors-serie-87-machine-anticythere-scan-2011.png?resize=840%2C492\" alt=\"Sc&eacute;hma descriptif de la machine d'Anticyth&egrave;re\" class=\"wp-image-1735\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/sciences-et-vie-hors-serie-87-machine-anticythere-scan-2011.png?w=840&amp;ssl=1 840w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/sciences-et-vie-hors-serie-87-machine-anticythere-scan-2011.png?resize=300%2C175&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/sciences-et-vie-hors-serie-87-machine-anticythere-scan-2011.png?resize=250%2C146&amp;ssl=1 250w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Sc&eacute;hma descriptif de la machine d&rsquo;Anticyth&egrave;re\nSciences et Vie n&deg;87 &ndash; Hors s&eacute;rie, avril 2011<\/figcaption><\/figure><div style=\"height:17px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p>Pour les curieux qui ne seraient pas rassasi&eacute;s d&rsquo;informations sur cette machine, je vous laisse ci-dessous la vid&eacute;o du <span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>documentaire de Mike Beckham,<\/strong> <strong><em>La Fabuleuse Machine d&rsquo;Anticyth&egrave;re<\/em><\/strong><\/span>. Un documentaire de 2012, diffus&eacute; initialement sur ARTE. Il se concentre sur les recherches du professeur et astronome <span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>Mike Edmunds<\/strong><\/span> et de son &eacute;quipe pour percer les secrets de la machine. Vous y retrouverez &eacute;galement Michael Wright dont je vous parlais plus haut dans l&rsquo;article.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"position: relative; padding-bottom: 56.25%; height: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-align: center;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 100%; position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; overflow: hidden;\" title=\"Dailymotion Video Player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dailymotion.com\/embed\/video\/x4x6oz0\" width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"> <\/iframe><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n\n\n<div style=\"height:24px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"><p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>Sources :<\/strong><\/span><br><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"> Le documentaire ci-dessus.<\/span><br><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Machine_d%27Anticyth%C3%A8re\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikip&eacute;dia : La Machine d&rsquo;Anticyth&egrave;re<\/a><\/span><br><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"\/\/tpe-engrenages.herobo.com\/annexes.php?part1=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TPE : Les moyens de calcul m&eacute;canique<\/a> (oui, des TPE !)<\/span><br><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.unesco.org\/new\/fr\/unesco-courier\/single-view\/news\/the_antikythera_mechanism_ancestor_of_the_computer\/#.VBLtDhb_zSR\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Unesco<\/a><\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Temps de lecture&nbsp;: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 10<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minutes<\/span><\/span>Avez-vous d&eacute;j&agrave; entendu parler de la machine d&rsquo;Anticyth&egrave;re ? C&rsquo;est une machine tout &agrave; fait fabuleuse qui a bien failli &ecirc;tre perdue &agrave; jamais. Elle a &eacute;t&eacute; retrouv&eacute;e, tout-&agrave;-fait par hasard, pr&egrave;s de l&rsquo;&icirc;le grecque d&rsquo;Anticyth&egrave;re, au d&eacute;but du XXe si&egrave;cle. La machine avait sombr&eacute; dans la mer apr&egrave;s qu&rsquo;une temp&ecirc;te a fait chavirer le [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1711,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[1389,3645,6516,6520],"tags":[1643,1641,1618,1637,1638,1640,1663,110,1653,1652,1620,135,1647,1656,1624,1657,1644,1642,1666,1645,331,355,1664,1650,394,1630,4589,1665,1632,556,1619,1636,1631,1625,1651,1635,1633,597,1626,636,1659,763,1615,1616,807,1617,1639,1646,1662,1661,1648,1532,4497,1658,1627,1660,1655,1634,1622,1001,1628,1629,4537,1133,1171,1649,4547,1621,1654,4551,1353],"class_list":["post-1701","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog_","category-culture","category-culture-a-la-carte","category-steampunk","tag-alexandre-le-grand","tag-alexandrie","tag-anticythere","tag-antique","tag-antiquite","tag-archimede","tag-arte","tag-astre","tag-astronome","tag-astronomie","tag-athene","tag-bateau","tag-bronze","tag-calculateur","tag-calendrier","tag-calendrier-astronomique","tag-ciceron","tag-cleopatre","tag-conquete-romaine","tag-de-la-republique","tag-deesse","tag-dieu","tag-documentaire","tag-eclipse","tag-egypte","tag-empire-romain","tag-engrenage","tag-enigme","tag-epoque-hellenistique","tag-grec","tag-grece","tag-grece-antique","tag-greco-romain","tag-grecque","tag-heliocentrisme","tag-hellenisme","tag-hellenistique","tag-horloge-astronomique","tag-ile","tag-italie","tag-jeux-olympiques","tag-lune","tag-machine","tag-machine-danticythere","tag-mecanisme","tag-mecanisme-danticythere","tag-mediterrannee","tag-michael-wright","tag-mike-beckham","tag-mike-edmunds","tag-mogi-vicentini","tag-mystere","tag-mythologie","tag-mythologie-grecque","tag-naufrage","tag-olympie","tag-ordinateur","tag-periode-hellenistique","tag-philippe-engelhard","tag-planete","tag-romain","tag-rome","tag-rouage","tag-science","tag-soleil","tag-solla-price","tag-steampunk","tag-syracuse","tag-technique","tag-technologie","tag-zodiaque"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>La machine d&#039;Anticyth\u00e8re - Studinano, le blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/la-machine-danticythere\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La machine d&#039;Anticyth\u00e8re - Studinano, le blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Temps de lecture&nbsp;:  10 minutesAvez-vous d&eacute;j&agrave; entendu parler de la machine d&rsquo;Anticyth&egrave;re ? C&rsquo;est une machine tout &agrave; fait fabuleuse qui a bien failli &ecirc;tre perdue &agrave; jamais. Elle a &eacute;t&eacute; retrouv&eacute;e, tout-&agrave;-fait par hasard, pr&egrave;s de l&rsquo;&icirc;le grecque d&rsquo;Anticyth&egrave;re, au d&eacute;but du XXe si&egrave;cle. 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Un voyage captivant entre l\u00e9gendes anciennes et interpr\u00e9tations contemporaines.","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Blog&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Blog","link":"https:\/\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/category\/blog_\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Repr\u00e9sentation de Ph\u00e9nix aux ailes br\u00fblantes","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/phoenix-with-burning-wings-feathers-generative-ai.jpg?fit=1200%2C686&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/phoenix-with-burning-wings-feathers-generative-ai.jpg?fit=1200%2C686&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/phoenix-with-burning-wings-feathers-generative-ai.jpg?fit=1200%2C686&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/phoenix-with-burning-wings-feathers-generative-ai.jpg?fit=1200%2C686&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/phoenix-with-burning-wings-feathers-generative-ai.jpg?fit=1200%2C686&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":8399,"url":"https:\/\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/quest-ce-que-le-steampunk\/","url_meta":{"origin":1701,"position":4},"title":"Qu&rsquo;est-ce que le Steampunk ?","author":"Studinano","date":"20 ao\u00fbt 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"L'article explore le Steampunk, un genre m\u00ealant esth\u00e9tique victorienne et technologie \u00e0 vapeur. N\u00e9 aux \u00c9tats-Unis dans les ann\u00e9es 1980 gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 Jeter, Blaylock, et Powers, ce courant s'est diversifi\u00e9 en litt\u00e9rature, mode, films et jeux vid\u00e9o. Il revisite des th\u00e8mes contemporains via un pass\u00e9 r\u00e9invent\u00e9.","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Blog&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Blog","link":"https:\/\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/category\/blog_\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/ChatGPT-Image-18-mai-2025-14_00_23.png?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/ChatGPT-Image-18-mai-2025-14_00_23.png?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/ChatGPT-Image-18-mai-2025-14_00_23.png?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/ChatGPT-Image-18-mai-2025-14_00_23.png?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/ChatGPT-Image-18-mai-2025-14_00_23.png?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":7364,"url":"https:\/\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/frankenstein-ou-le-mythe-eternel-le-monstre-et-le-steampunk\/","url_meta":{"origin":1701,"position":5},"title":"Frankenstein ou le mythe \u00e9ternel : le monstre et le Steampunk","author":"Studinano","date":"28 octobre 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Une rapide recherche des mots \"Frankenstein\" et \"Steampunk\" sur votre moteur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 suffit \u00e0 t\u00e9moigner du lien qui semble unir le roman de Mary Shelley et cet imaginaire r\u00e9trofuturiste. Mais pourquoi ce roman du XIX\u00e8me si\u00e8cle conna\u00eet-il un tel succ\u00e8s aupr\u00e8s des vaporistes ? Vous l'aurez compris, cette ann\u00e9e, dans\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Blog&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Blog","link":"https:\/\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/category\/blog_\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Costume de monstre de Frankenstein fa\u00e7on Steampunk r\u00e9alis\u00e9 et port\u00e9 par Rick Backer.","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/rick-backer-steampunk-frankenstein-monster-monstre-costume-cosplay-halloween-02.jpg?fit=586%2C878&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/rick-backer-steampunk-frankenstein-monster-monstre-costume-cosplay-halloween-02.jpg?fit=586%2C878&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/rick-backer-steampunk-frankenstein-monster-monstre-costume-cosplay-halloween-02.jpg?fit=586%2C878&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1701","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1701"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1701\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1711"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1701"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1701"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.studinano.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1701"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}